慶應義塾大学 シラバス・時間割

Background
Environmental economics is a sub-discipline of economics, which applies the tools of mainstream macroeconomics and microeconomics to allocate resources in the most efficient way— one of the key features of economic efficiency. The emphasis is to optimize the economic use of limited resources to produce the maximum output and the highest consumer satisfaction possible while taking into account of the environmental effect or externality of economic production. It thus follows that its objective functions are not only economically desirable, but also, socially beneficial and environmentally sustainable. Viewed in this way, they are also in line with the concept of sustainable development, which focuses on the enhancement of economic, social and environmental sustainability.
In that sustainability policy perspective, the primary goal is to devise policy instruments that effectively account for the external environmental cost or negative externality associated with the production process. Here, complications may arise due to the failure of the invisible hand to fix market malfunctions in a variety of circumstances, leading to allocative inefficiency, distributive injustice and negative welfare effects. In addition, in allocative efficiency policy analysis, conflicting economic interest and environmental protection priority are the normal state of affair. Whilst decision making to overcome such failing or conflict of interest differs and may relate to different environmental impact or negative externality, the general environmental economic principles, practices, and tools applied in the design of mitigating strategies are basically the same.
Purpose/Aims
In light of the above, the purpose of this course is to acquaint students with an improved understanding of the key concepts of and practical knowledge in the management of allocative efficiency or economic efficiency, for that matter, that is aligned with the principles of sustainability. In particular, it aims to develop in students a diverse range of discipline-specific problem-solving skills in addressing negative externality to achieve the maximum amount of economic output and the highest level of social welfare possible.
This takes us into a wide range of discipline-specific studies covering the critique of market mechanisms in allocative efficiency, the concept economic efficiency, the connection between allocative efficiency and sustainability, market distortion and environmental externality, and the environmental economics and ecological economics approaches to addressing negative externality, among other subjects of interest. The discipline-specific lectures will be streamlined by using enhanced learning strategy to directly connect theory to practice based on case study method. The objective is to sustain concentration or discussion on various pressing and complex externality problems arising from industrial production or economic activity that threaten the ecological integrity of our environmental system to the detriment of long-term socio-economic progress.
Methods
The course employs interactive teaching and student engagement strategies to intellectually engage students. This is attained by integrating active learning into lectures. Its objective is to promote greater interaction between students, instructor and course materials, increase motivation and foster students' abilities to think critically about the lecture content. This is further reinforced by enhanced learning strategy through combining theory and practice using case-study method. The overall aim is to nurture in students a more thoughtful and innovative use of knowledge and specialized skills learned in class to address real-world problems. This necessarily involves imparting course content or discipline-specific knowledge in class as well as to develop critical thinking and cross-disciplinary analytical skills among students. All lectures will be prepared by the instructor drawing from academic research using enhanced impact PowerPoint slides with vivid illustrations. The course materials will be explained in a simple way, which are easy to understand and assimilate. The class will also be attuned to differences in students’ comprehensibility to bolster learning outcomes.

Basically, the course is structured into three sections as follows:
1. Theory: Theoretical knowledge allows students to gain a deeper understanding of a concept, which can be applied to identify a problem and to devise mitigating measures to improve a problematic situation. The focus of this section is to explain various key environmental economic concepts which are of practical relevance.
2. Problem-solving lecture (from theory to practice): The ability to connect theory and practice is of great importance as it allows students to gain an in-depth understanding of an issue at hand. This helps students to enhance their critical thinking and essential analytical skills for their future professions or academic advancement. To achieve this objective, this section employs case study method covering a number of cross-cutting themes as shown in the syllabus section as a framework for analysis.
3. Interactive lecture and class discussions (student-centered lecture): Active student participation and involvement in the classroom is a fundamental requirement for learning beyond simple recall of facts and lecture materials. The emphasis here is to engage students in active class participation on contemporary policy debates using engaging mini-lectures interspersed with class discussions and debates. The aim is to encourage students to develop innovative ideas and critical thinking as well as communication skills through instructor-student and student-student interactions and discussions of the lecture content.
Outcomes
Students who successfully complete this course will be able to:
 Demonstrate a broad and in-dept understanding of the connection between allocative efficiency and sustainability from various perspectives, which is essential to guide effective policy making.
 Critically engage with a range of quantitative and qualitative research methods, practical knowledge and key concepts in handling vexing real-world environmental problems and to develop original and effective mitigating solutions.
 Develop innovative ideas and creative solutions to manage economy-environment relations and negative externality in a holistic way.
 Draw out original insights, and use critical thinking and problem-solving skills to tackle complex problems in unfamiliar context based on strategic adaptation to the environmental concepts and practices students learned in class.
 Communicate professionally from interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary perspectives to promote better understanding of complex environmental and development issues to a wide range of audiences.

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Ahmed Hussen. 2013. Principles of Environmental Economics and Sustainability. (3rd edition). London; New York: Routledge
Charles D. Kolstard. 2000. Environmental Economics. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press
William R. Blackburn. 2007. The Sustainability Handbook. London: Earthscan
Choy Yee Keong. 2020. Global Environmental Sustainability: Case Studies and Analysis of the United Nations’ Journey toward Sustainable Development. Amsterdam, London, New York: Elsevier
Eban S. Goodstein, Stephen Polasky. 2020. Economics and the Environment (9th edition). U.S.A: John Wiley & Sons,:
Lynne Lewis, Thomas Tietenberg. 2020. Environmental Economics and Policy (7th edition). London. New York: Routledge
Nathaniel O. Keohan and Sheila M. Olmstead. 2016. Markets and the Environment (2nd edition). Washington: Island Press
Paul Portney and Robert N. Stavins (eds.). 2000.Public Policy for Environmental Protection. Washington, D.C: Resources for the Future Press
Robert N. Stavins et al. 2019. Economics of the Environment (7th edition). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar

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